SEED SAVING
Onions-Harvest
first season when tops begin to dry.
Hang the herbs to dry for 12 days (not in the sun). Remove dried tops, braid and keep in 32-45
degrees over winder, 40% humidity. In
spring plant best ones for seeds.
Harvest when pods dry. Will be
viable for 3 years.
Garlic-Harvest
when tops are partially dried. Dry for
one week before store, but not in sunlight.
Store in paper bags or hang in braided bunches. Store at 35-40 degrees for 6-8 months in 60%
humidity. Plant individual cloves.
Cabbage, Brussels
Sprouts-Dig cabbage carefully and trim roots to 12 inches. Cover roots with damp sawdust and wrap head
in newspaper. Will keep for 2-4 months
at 32-40 degrees with 80-90% humidity.
In early spring cut a shallow “x” in the top of the head for the seed
stalk to grow out of. Stalk will grow 3-4
inches before producing seeds. Remain
viable for 4 years.
Broccoli/Cauliflower-
Where it does not go below 28 degrees.
Plant in fall and harvest the following summer. Will produce seed stalks with yellow flowers. Short season broccoli produces seeds in one
season. Cannot produce seed in long
winter area. Seeds are viable for five
years.
Kale/collards-biennial. In mild winter regions, harvest small
quantities of leaves and over winter plant (usually kale). Will produce seed second year; 5 ft stalks. In cold winters, dig plant and store in sand
or sawdust at 32-40 degrees for up to 2 months.
Replant in spring. Viable for 4
years.
Chinese
cabbage/Chinese mustard/pak choi. Biennial,
but should produce seed in one season if planted early. In cold winters, plant dug plants with
attached soil in damp sand. Store at
32-40 degrees for 4 months, 90-95 % humidity.
Dig before first frost and choose largest, healthiest plants. To get seeds first season, do not harvest all
of the inner leaves. Produce 3 ft. seed
stalk. Seed pods turn tan when they are
ready to harvest. Viable for 5 years.
Turnips-biennial. In mild climates, plant in the fall and
harvest seed the following summer. In
cold climates, overwinter in a root cellar.
Dig before a freeze. Trim tops to
2 inches. Store in boxes of sawdust,
sand or leaves. 32-40 degrees and 90%
humidity. Or put in pots in a greenhouse
until spring. Early maturing varieties
go to seed in one year. Produces 3 ft.
stalk. Seed pod turns brown. Viable for 5 years.
Radish. Grows 3 ft. stalk. Wait for seed pods to dry. Pound pods with hammer if they don’t break
when rubbed by hand. Viable for 5 years.
All beets
and chard. Can be overwintered in the
garden in mild climates to produce seed the next spring. Otherwise, overwinter like cabbage. Cut tops to 2 inches and roots to 6
inches. Viable for 6 years.
Spinach. Harvest only outer leaves to produce
seed. Let seeds dry out in sun for a few
days. Use gloves, can be prickly. Viable for 5 years.
Quinoa. Annual that needs a long season in order to
get seeds. Cut and hang in dry airy
place or put in paper bag to dry.
Chicory,
endive, escarole. Biennial but will
produce seed if started very early in season.
Can be overwintered under mulch of dug.
Trimmed to 2 inches and stored in soil or sand at 32-40 degrees. Withhold water when seed pods form. Break off entire pods and store them for
planting or break pods with a hammer for individual seeds. Viable for 8 years.
Artichoke. Reproduced by division. Perennial.
Sunflower. Cut head when all petals have fallen
off. Remove seeds when no longer soft or
damp. Put in 1 inch layer in baskets and
dry in warm area away from sunlight.
When a shelled seed in two, instead of bending, it is ready for
storage. Viable for 7 years.
Lettuce. Only harvest outer leaves so the lettuce will
go to seed. Peel the center leaves of
the head away so the seed stalk can emerge.
Harvest 12-24 days after flowering.
Shake the seed heads into a paper bag.
Hard to remove the debris from the seeds. Can be done with a mesh screen. Viable for 3 years.
Watermelon. Pick when the tendril opposite the stem
becomes brown and dry. Just wash the
seeds and save from any ripe melon.
Viable for 6 years. Need to hand
pollinate for true seeds.
Melons/honeydew/musk. Save seeds from ripe melon. Put in bowl with water. Rub debris from seeds. Hollow seeds and debris will float to
top. Pour off until clean seeds
remain. Rinse thoroughly. Lay out to dry. Viable for 5 years.
Cucumbers. Let ripen past edible stage. They should begin to soften on the vine. Should be hand pollinated to avoid cross
breeding. Tape female flower shut the
night before it will open. In morning, pick male flower and rub stamens on
female flower and tape shut again. Mark
this flower, so those cucumbers can be saved for seed. Put seeds in large bowl and put in sunless
area to ferment for 1 to 3 days. Stir
daily. Mold will form on top. Viable seeds will settle on the bottom and
the gel coating will float to the top.
Stir daily. When ready, add more
water while stirring until clean seeds are left on the bottom. Dry on a non-stick surface. Viable for 10 years.
Squash,
pumpkins (winter and summer). Hand
pollinate like cucumbers for pure seeds.
Can use blossoms from different plants of the same variety to ensure
genetic diversity. Winter squash and
pumpkins must be fully mature. Summer
squash are left on the vine until they have a hard shell. Cut from vine and let sit for 3 weeks before
cutting open for seeds. Rinse in
colander and dry. Viable for 6 years.
Hard shell
gourd. Pick when stem changes to
brown. Separate seeds from pulp and air
dry. Pulp causes allergies in many
people.
Legumes-peanuts,
garbanzo, soybeans, lentil, lima, aduki, fava, cowpeas, peas. Leave seeds on plant to dry. Remove from pods and let dry 2 or 3
weeks. Seeds that shatter when hit with
a hammer are ready for storage. Freeze
in air tight containers for 5 days to get rid of weevil. Do not open airtight container until it reaches
room temperature or condensation will cause mold to form. Viable for 4 years.
Peanuts are
harvested when the plant turns yellow.
Pull out of the ground and hang in garage for 2-3 weeks for drying.
Garbanzos. Withhold water after flowering or pull plants
and dry under cover. Thrash plants to
remove seeds. Pods can cause skin
irritation.
Limas. Cause severe allergies in some people when
eaten. Dry pods on vine. Remove seeds from pods and freeze.
Tomatoes. Squeeze seeds from ripe fruit into a bowl. Allow to ferment in water 1-3 days, until
mold forms on top. Process like cucumber
seeds. Viable 4-10 years.
Egg
plant. Allow to ripen on vine to almost
rotting; remove and dry seeds. Viable
for 7 years.
Tomatillos
and ground cherries. Save seeds from
ripe fruit and dry. No need to
ferment. Viable for 3 years.
Potato. Planted from tuber cuttings. Start in sterile soil to prevent
disease. Remove new shoots, cut to 2
inches high and plant in new sterile soil.
Destroy original plant. Sprouts will
root and go out in garden in a couple of weeks.
Peppers. Perennial in warm climates. Can be overwintered in greenhouses. Green peppers are not ripe. Use peppers with no sign of disease for
seeds. Clean and dry out of sunlight
until seeds break when folded. Should
not bend. Viable for 3 years. Germinate with bottom heat. Will not tolerate any cold. Use seed starter mix and transplant twice
before setting outside. Must have full
sun.
Celery. Biennial: Carefully remove a few outer leaves
for harvest and leave center of plant for seed production. Can overwinter in the ground in cold
climates. Or dig and store in a cellar
in damp earth or sand. Trim tops. Will produce flower stalks in spring that
must be prevented from crossing.
Isolation is necessary. Harvest
seed pods as they mature. Viable for 8
years.
Carrot:
Isolate ½ mile to prevent cross pollination.
Will also cross with queen Ann’s lace.
Can be overwintered outside to produce seed the next spring or dug and
stored with tops out to 1 inch in sawdust or sand for 6 months. Cut seed pods when fully mature and dry for
additional 2-3 weeks. Pods should be brown. Rub pods to remove bearded seeds. Viable for 3 years.
Parsley,
biennial: Produces seed second year.
Will tolerate below zero temperatures outside when covered with leaves
or mold or dig and overwinter at 32-40 degrees.
Harvest seed heads as they dry.
Viable for 3 years.
Amaranth-Annual:
Goes to seed in 1 year. Harvest when
almost entire seed head is mature. No
other processing needed.
Sweet
potatoes-perennial vines: Cannot be
grown in the north. They have serious
diseases and pests. Propagate from
shoots or tubers. Put in moist/warm soil
to form shoots that are then broken off and rooted. Require a frost free season. Use sterile soil to start new shoots and
don’t touch the soil. Destroy original
plant. Can be stored for eating for 3-5
months at 50-60 degrees. Cure for 2 days
to harden skin. Then wrap in newspaper
or put in sawdust.
Sorghum-similar
to corn. Cut seed tassels when stalks
begin to dry. Dry until shattered when
hit with a hammer.
Corn: Has to
be separated by 2 miles to avoid cross pollination or hand pollinated
(complicated). Use seeds from many
different plants, not just one. Leave
ears on stalk until completely dry. Or
remove mature cobs, husk them, and dry under shelter at moderate
temperatures. Remove kernels when cob
and corn is completely dry. Discard
malformed kernels. Save from 25-50 ears
to avoid rebreeding difficulties. Viable
for 3 years. Popcorns viable for up to
10 years.
Asparagus-perennial:
Overwinters in garden in cold climates.
Produces berries. Remove seeds
from berries and dry for a few days.
Viable for 5 years.
Okra: Warm
weather plants. Wear gloves to remove
dry pods. Green pods can be left to dry
in the sun until they split open. No
other processing needed. Viable for 5
years.